The identification of areas closely related to historical evolutionary processes is an important theme in global biodiversity protection studies. Alpine plant species are good candidates for such studies as they are at increased risk of regional extinction due to the current trend of climate change. Their evolutionary history, modelled by several processes among which the most influential were the rapid climatic changes during the Pleistocene, is evidenced by current intra- and interspecific genetic patterns. The proposed project aims to reveal these patterns and thus contribute to a better understanding of the bio/phylogeography and phylogeny of alpine species, by modelling the taxon Eritrichium nanum, a representative plant of the European Alpine System. EVOL-EAS intends to reconstruct the European phylogeography of this species, with special attention to the Carpathian region, which is still less included in such studies. At the same time, the project aims to shed light on the still unresolved and uncertain phylogeny of the genus, focussing on the relationship between E. nanum ssp. nanum and the Carpathian endemite E. nanum ssp. jankae. EVOL-EAS simultaneously utilises two molecular methods: the classical chloroplast DNA sequencing and the newly developed innovative method based on next-generation sequencing - ddRADseq. Comparative and integrative analyses of the results from both methods will help to clarify the historical and ecological processes that have shaped the current phylogeographic patterns of E. nanum and will lead to the clarification of phylogenetic relationships between species of the genus. Our results will provide valuable information for the protection of biodiversity, with concrete data that will allow the inclusion of intraspecific genetic diversity in conservation programmes.