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Due to the increase of the incidence of type II diabetes nowadays there are attempts to find phytotherapeutic alternatives for the prophylaxis of this disease by inhibiting the enzymes involved in glucose uptake. Thus, in this study the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of some hydroalcoholic Apium graveolens and Agropyrum repens extracts (50% EtOH, v/v, 10% weight) were analysed. Extracts were processed by membranare processes, microand ultrafiltration for obtaining rich-polyphenolic extracts. The polyphenols and flavones content and antioxidant activity of them were analysed. The extracts of both plants have shown inhibitory activities on the two digestive enzymes. © 2019 Editura Academiei Romane. All rights reserved.

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Since early times, various plants have been used as remedies for treating different kinds of diseases and lesions with satisfying results. The phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites from medicinal plants which include a wide category of compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, curcuminoids, xanthones, coumarins, lignans, etc. Between these, lignans are considered important in cancer prevention and treatment, besides other beneficial health effects, e.g. antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, and anti-estrogenic effects. This review summarizes the most recent literature and the most important results concerning plant lignans and their derivatives in cancer prevention and treatment, both in vitro and in vivo assessments. The mechanistic aspects will be also highlighted.

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This study evaluated the biological activities of Eryngium planum and of Cnicus benedictus extracts enriched in polyphenols obtained by nanofiltration. The HPLC-MS analysis showed that E. planum contains mainly flavonoids, especially rutin, while in C. benedictus extracts show the high concentration of the phenolic acids, principally the chlorogenic acid and sinapic acid. Herein, there is the first report of ursolic acid, genistin, and isorhamnetin in E. planum and C. benedictus. C. benedictus polyphenolic-rich extract showed high scavenging activity (IC50=0.0081 mg/mL) comparable to that of standard compound (ascorbic acid) and a higher reducing power (IC50= 0.082 mg/mL), with IC50 having a significantly lower value than IC50 for ascorbic acid. Both extracts were nontoxic to NCTC cell line. Among the investigated herbs, E. planum polyphenolic-rich extract showed the highest inhibitory activities with the IC50 value of 31.3 g/mL for lipoxygenase and 24.6 g/mL for hyaluronidase. Both polyphenolic-rich extracts had a higher inhibitory effect on -amylase and -glucosidase than that of the acarbose. The synergistic effect of ursolic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, genistin, and daidzein identified in polyphenolic-rich extracts could be mainly responsible for the pharmacological potentials of the studied extracts used in managing inflammation and diabetes.

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The objectives of this study were to define the phenolic profile, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts from Betonica officinalis and Salvia officinalis herbs used in traditional medicine. The results indicated that the extract inhibits scavenges stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radicals. In the present study, Salvia officinalis was potent antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extracts inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX-1) and denaturation of protein, which suggests these species might be a potential source of plant-derived anti-inflammatory substances. Our study, for the first time, revealed the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the Betonica officinalis herb. The results of this study could be helpful to develop medicinal preparations and uses of this species as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-amylase and anti-glucosidase activities of polyphenolic-rich extracts from Betonica officinalis and Impatiens noli-tangere and to analyze their chemical composition by HPLC-MS. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of the two medicinal herbs were processed by microfiltration and ultrafiltration for concentrating the polyphenolic compounds. Phenolic acid, mainly chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were the dominant compounds of B. officinalis extracts, while the extracts from L nolitangere contain mainly flavonoids, especially isoquercitrin. The polyphenolic-rich extract (retentate UF fraction) from B. officinalis exhibited the most potent DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power activities. The IC50 value of the alpha-amylase inhibitory effect was 4.20 +/- 0.30 mg/mL for the B. officinalis polyphenolic-rich extract, slightly higher than that of I. noli-tangere polyphenolic-rich extract of 4.01 +/- 0.25 mg/mL. The polyphenolic-rich extract from I. noli-tangere showed remarkable a-glucosidase inhibition activity (IC50 0.47 +/- 0.02 mg/mL), compared to the acarbose (IC50 0.38 +/- 0.02 mg/mL). However, I. noli-tangere extracts displayed a stronger inhibitory activity than B. officinalis extract fractions. Our study, for the first time, revealed the anti-diabetic potential of the B. officinalis and I. noli-tangere herbs. The results of this study could be helpful to develop medicinal preparations or functional foods for diabetes. (C) 2015 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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